Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Emerade
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Pro Numb
D-Care 100X
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Minnerva II
Vasocaine
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Epinephrine Pediatrics
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Adyphren Amp Kit
Adyphren Kit
LIDOCAINE HCl
Sensorcaine
Epinephrine Injection USP
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Adrenalin
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Vivacaine
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Leep RediKit
Lixtraxen 1%
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lignospan Forte
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Posicaine N
Allerject
Zorcaine
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Twinject
Orabloc
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
EpinephrineSnap-V
Lidocaine
Taroclick Epinephrine
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Medihaler-Epi
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Symjepi
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
EPY II Kit
Adrenalin Vials
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Anapen Junior
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Ultacan
Lignospan Standard
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Dysne Inhal
Numquick Analgesic
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Epinephrine Injection
The Solution
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Octocaine 50
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Prime Asthma Relief
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Neffy
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Septanest N
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidosite
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Orostat 8%
Sensorcaine Forte
Septocaine
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
QKit Procedure Tray
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Orabloc 1:100,000
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
EpiPen
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Epinephrinesnap-V
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Marcaine E
Adrenaclick
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
EpiPen Jr
Adyphren II Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Adrenalin Topical Solution
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Epinephrine
Adrenalin(r)
Xylocaine MPF
Primatene Mist
Epipen
Epipen Jr
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Lidocaine Hci
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine Professional
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Articadent
Primatene Mist Refill
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Septanest Sp
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Xylocaine
Ana-kit
Auvi-Q
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Xylocaine with epinephrine
EPY Kit
Octocaine 100
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Citanest Forte
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Posicaine Sp
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Pellets
Anapen
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Orabloc 1:200,000
Sensorcaine Mpf
Articaine
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Ephinephrine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Ultracaine DS Inj
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Ultacan Forte
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Zone 2
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
